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The Complete Beginner's Guide to Keeping Fish: Setting Up Your First Aquarium

15 Apr 2025 0 コメント

The Complete Beginner's Guide to Keeping Fish: Setting Up Your First Aquarium

Keeping fish is a rewarding hobby that can beautify your home and provide relaxation. However, for beginners, knowing how to start properly can be challenging. This guide covers all the basics - essential equipment, tank setup, and maintenance tips - to help you avoid common mistakes like "fish dying within days."


Part 1: 3 Must-Know Facts Before Starting

1. Fishkeeping ≠ Just Changing Water

Many assume keeping fish simply requires a tank, some fish, and occasional water changes. In reality, fish have specific requirements for water quality, temperature, and environment that require establishing a stable ecosystem.

2. Best Fish for Beginners

  • Small Tropical Fish: Guppies, Zebra Danios, Neon Tetras (hardy, colorful)

  • Coldwater Fish: Goldfish, Koi (no heater needed but require more space)

  • Not Recommended for Beginners: Arowana, Saltwater Fish (expensive, difficult)

3. Choosing the Right Tank Size

  • Small Fish (3-5cm): 30-50 liter tank (e.g. 40×30×30cm)

  • Medium Fish (~10cm): 60-100 liter tank

  • Golden Rule: 1 liter water per 1cm of fish (e.g. 5 fish at 5cm each need 25+ liters)


Part 2: Essential Equipment Checklist

1. Must-Have Basics

Equipment Purpose Buying Tips
Aquarium Fish habitat Opt for ultra-clear glass tanks
Filter Maintains clean water Hang-on-back (small tanks) or canister filters (large tanks)
Heater (for tropical fish) Maintains stable temperature Adjustable (24-28°C) with thermometer
Lighting Supports fish/plant health LED aquarium light (8-10 hours daily)
Substrate Decoration + beneficial bacteria Choose 3-5mm gravel, rinse first

2. Recommended Upgrades

  • Water Test Kit (pH, ammonia, nitrite)

  • Automatic Feeder (for vacations)

  • CO2 System (planted tanks)

  • Wave Maker (improves flow in large tanks)


Part 3: Step-by-Step Tank Setup (Beginner Must-Read!)

1. Equipment Installation

  1. Rinse tank (water only - no soap!)

  2. Add substrate (3-5cm depth, slope for aesthetics)

  3. Install filter & heater (avoid front viewing area)

  4. Fill with dechlorinated water (let tap water sit 2 days or use conditioner)

  5. Run equipment for 24 hours to check functionality

2. Cycling Your Tank (Most Important Step!)

  • Days 1-3: Add nitrifying bacteria

  • Days 4-7: Add 2-3 "starter fish" (e.g. cheap guppies)

  • Week 2: Test water daily until ammonia/nitrites reach zero

  • Week 3: When stable, add main fish

⚠️ Key Note: Don't change water during cycling! Let the nitrogen cycle establish naturally.


Part 4: Daily Maintenance Tips

1. Feeding

  • Frequency: 1-2 times daily (only what they eat in 2 minutes)

  • Food: Mainly flakes/pellets, occasional frozen bloodworms (live food may carry diseases)

  • Rule: Underfeed rather than overfeed! Excess food pollutes water.

2. Water Changes

  • Frequency: 25-33% weekly

  • Method: Use a gravel vacuum to remove waste

  • Temperature: Match new water to tank temp (±1°C)

3. Cleaning

  • Filter Media: Rinse monthly in tank water (never tap water)

  • Algae: Use magnetic scrubber or algae scraper


Part 5: Common Problems & Solutions

1. Cloudy Water?

  • Cause: Unestablished cycle or overfeeding

  • Fix: Reduce feeding, add bacteria, improve filtration

2. Sick Fish?

  • White Spots (Ich): Raise temp to 30°C for 3 days

  • Fin Rot: Improve water quality, use aquarium salt/medication

  • Gasping at Surface: Increase aeration, test for ammonia

3. Algae Bloom?

  • Reduce light (≤8 hours daily)

  • Add cleaners (Otocinclus catfish, Amano shrimp)


Part 6: Final Tips

  1. Cycle before adding fish - stable water is key!

  2. Start with hardy species like guppies or danios

  3. Weekly water changes prevent problems

  4. Don't panic if issues arise - test water first

Fishkeeping requires patience, but with proper care, you'll create a thriving underwater world! Have questions? Ask in the comments! 🐠💦

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